David Mouillot,Camille Albouy,
François Guilhaumon, Frida Ben Rais Lasram,
Marta Coll, Vincent Devictor, Christine N. Meynard,
Daniel Pauly, Jean Antoine Tomasini, Marc Troussellier,
Laure Velez, Reg Watson, Emmanuel J.P. Douzery,
and Nicolas Mouquet.

Here we adopted a multifaceted approach to biodiversity by considering
the species richness of total, endemic, and threatened coastal fish
assemblages as well as their functional and phylogenetic diversity. We
show that these fish biodiversity components are spatially mismatched.
The MPA system covers a small surface of the Mediterranean (0.4%) and
is spatially congruent with the hot spots of all taxonomic components
of fish diversity. However, it misses hot spots of functional and
phylogenetic diversity. In addition, hot spots of endemic species
richness and phylogenetic diversity are spatially congruent with hot
spots of fishery impact. Our results highlight that future
conservation strategies and assessment efficiency of current reserve
systems will need to be revisited after deconstructing the different
components of biodiversity.